In the "2016-2020 China Sensor Industry In-depth Research and Investment Prospect Forecast Report", China Investment Consultants stated that before the 1960s, sensors were only analyzed and studied as part of measurement engineering. With the development of materials science, especially in the 20th century After the 1980s, the development of computer technology and the improvement of the level of chip integration led to the improvement and development of sensor technology. Sensors are not only used in industrial automatic control, parameter measurement of working environment and working medium, etc., but also the combination of sensor technology and computer technology has formed a miniature multi-functional and intelligent sensor, which makes it easier to popularize the state control of mobile mechanical equipment. and development, therefore, the extensive use of sensor technology on construction machinery equipment to improve the technical performance of these equipment.

(1) Application of sensors in the control of engineering machinery engine conditions

In the "2016-2020 China Sensor Industry In-depth Research and Investment Prospect Forecast Report", China Investment Consultants stated that the EFI diesel engines that have appeared in recent years have borrowed some sensor control technologies from gasoline engines, and their application has improved the construction machinery industry. overall technical level. In addition, some recently produced construction machinery that uses ordinary diesel engines also adopts some sensor measurement and control technologies. The sensors used by construction machinery in this regard are of the following types: position sensors that control the fuel injection mechanism of the air flow moving plate sensor; pressure sensors, including pressure sensors such as fuel pressure, lubricating system oil pressure, etc.; used for diesel engine speed control The speed sensor; the sensor used to measure and control the fuel level and oil level and the temperature sensor to control the temperature.

(2) Application of sensor in hydraulic system control of construction machinery

The hydraulic transmission system occupies a very important position in the transmission of modern construction machinery. It is not only used in the main working mechanisms, such as the excavation mechanism transmission of excavators and the vibration mechanism of vibratory rollers, but also in the walking system and steering system of modern construction machinery. And some servo mechanisms are widely used. The sensors used in hydraulic systems mainly include temperature sensors that control the temperature of hydraulic oil; pressure sensors that control hydraulic oil pressure; flow sensors that control leakage and flow; level sensors that control the level of hydraulic oil.

(3) Application of sensors in overall performance control of construction machinery

Usually the working environment of construction machinery is relatively harsh. In order to improve its work and performance, it is necessary to control the overall performance of the machinery. The sensors used in this regard mainly control the main working mechanism and the brake system wear detection sensor; control the whole machine Limit balance sensor for passing; overload pressure sensor for controlling overload of loading machinery; distance sensor for controlling paver layer thickness; temperature sensor for material temperature control in mixing station; in addition to construction machinery cab Temperature type, humidity type, light quantity sensor, etc. to control the temperature, humidity, light and other conditions of the work room.

2. The development trend of applied sensors in construction machinery

In the "2016-2020 China Sensor Industry In-depth Research and Investment Prospect Forecast Report", China Investment Consultants stated that the development of large-scale semiconductor integration technology and computer technology in the 1980s created extremely favorable conditions for the development of sensor technology. . It is analyzed from the development of related professional technology of sensor application in existing construction machinery. The sensors used in construction machinery show four development trends, namely semiconductorization, multi-function, intelligence and specialization.

(1) Semiconductor of sensors in construction machinery

According to the measurement and control principle, semiconductor sensors account for more than 70% of the sensors currently used in construction machinery. Semiconductor sensors are widely used in road construction machinery due to their high sensitivity, fast response, small size and light weight. The parameters of measurement and control include temperature, pressure, flow, concentration, humidity, etc. The more important feature is the high degree of sensor integration, which can be easily combined with computers and widely used in construction machinery.

(2) Multifunctionalization of sensors in construction machinery

Since semiconductor sensors can be highly integrated, multiple sensitive elements such as temperature, humidity, differential pressure, gas, concentration, etc. can be integrated on the same chip, which greatly improves the efficiency of the sensor. The multi-functionalization of semiconductor sensors is more suitable for mobile work equipment such as construction machinery. Therefore, the multi-functionalization of sensors in construction machinery is a significant development trend.

(3) Intelligence and specialization of sensors in construction machinery

In the "2016-2020 China Sensor Industry In-depth Research and Investment Prospect Forecast Report", China Investment Consultants stated that the combination of sensors used in construction machinery and computers has formed intelligent sensors with detection, information processing functions and automatic control. For example, distance sensors used by paver to control layer thickness are of this type. Such sensors basically have automatic calibration function, which greatly facilitates the use of construction machinery. In addition, there are many types of construction machinery. In the process of specialized production, in order to improve the efficiency of construction machinery and reduce production costs, the sensors used for the main measurement and control parameters of different types of construction machinery are developing towards specialization. This is also an engineering Trends in the use of sensors in machinery. According to statistics on the use of sensor technology for different types of construction machinery, professional sensors account for more than 92%.